APNs －－Apple Push Notification Service
APNs 蘋果推送伺服器
Device 安裝帶有推送服務程式的iPhone手機
Provider 程式伺服器，把需要推送的資訊發給 APNs
DeviceToken 在Device第一次連接APNs時，由APNs生成的經過加密的連接認證資訊。在以後的連接中，無論時Provider到APNs還是APNs到Device 都需要 DeviceToken作為認證。
Payload 需要推送的消息的主體內容。alert－alert消息的消息體，按鍵標題等badge－顯示在程式icon右上角的數位，sound－聲音提示檔的檔案名，該聲音資源檔要在套裝程式中。
整體流程大體分為五個步驟：
1: Device －－> 連接－－> APNs 獲取 DeviceToken
2: Device－－>連接－－>Provider提供DeviceToken
3: Provider偵測需要push的消息生成Notification資訊
4: Provider偵把要push的消息推送到APNs
5: APNs把該消息推送到手機
介紹完APNS的概況，下面再瞭解一下具體的實現方法:
注：先申請APNS的證書，再進行以下操作。
1. 將app註冊notification裡面, 並從APNS上獲取測試機的deviceToken.
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:(UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge |UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound)];
// other codes here.
return YES;
}
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken {
NSLog(@"deviceToken: %@", deviceToken);
}
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error {
NSLog(@"Error in registration. Error: %@", error);
}
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
{
NSLog(@" 收到推送消息 ： %@",[[userInfo objectForKey:@"aps"] objectForKey:@"alert"]);
if ([[userInfo objectForKey:@"aps"] objectForKey:@"alert"]!=Null) {
UIAlertView* alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"推送通知"
message:[[userInfo objectForKey:@"aps"] objectForKey:@"alert"]
delegate:self
cancelButtonTitle:@" 關閉"
otherButtonTitles:@" 更新狀態",nil];
[alert show];
[alert release];
}
}
啟動程式，將app註冊到通知項後，在console裡面找到列印的deviceToken：
deviceToken: <6974ac11 870e09fa 00e2238e 8cfafc7d 2052e342 182f5b57 fabca445 42b72e1b>
2. 生成app在服務端需要的許可證
1）進入Provisioning Portal, 下載Certificates在development下的證書。
2） 找到需要測試的app id,然後enable它在development下的Apple Push Notification service: Development Push SSL Certificate。需要輸入1）中的簽章憑證才可以生成一個aps_developer_identity.cer.
3) 按兩下aps_developer_identity.cer，會打開系統的key chain. 在My certificates下找到Apple Development Push Services。需要為certificate和它之下的private key各自export出一個.p12檔。(會出現設置密碼過程)
4）需要將上面的2個.p12檔轉成.pem格式：
openssl pkcs12 -clcerts -nokeys -out cert.pem -in cert.p12
openssl pkcs12 -nocerts -out key.pem -in key.p12
5）如果需要對 key不進行加密：
openssl rsa -in key.pem -out key.unencrypted.pem
6）然後就可以 合併兩個.pem檔, 這個ck.pem就是服務端需要的證書了。
cat cert.pem key.unencrypted.pem > ck.pem
3. 服務端push通知到ANPS. 在cocoachina找到了兩種方法:
1）php驅動。需要將ck.pem和php腳本放到server 上。全部的php代碼是：
<?php
$deviceToken = '6974ac11 870e09fa 00e2238e 8cfafc7d 2052e342 182f5b57 fabca445 42b72e1b';
$pass = '123456'; // Passphrase for the private key (ck.pem file)
// Get the parameters from HTTP get or from command line
$message = $_GET['message'] or $message = $argv[1] or $message = 'A test message from worldcup';
$badge = (int)$_GET['badge'] or $badge = (int)$argv[2];
$sound = $_GET['sound'] or $sound = $argv[3];
// Construct the notification payload
$body = array();
$body['aps'] = array('alert' => $message);
if ($badge)
$body['aps']['badge'] = $badge;
if ($sound)
$body['aps']['sound'] = $sound;
/* End of Configurable Items */
$ctx = stream_coNtext_create();
stream_coNtext_set_option($ctx, 'ssl', 'local_cert', 'ck.pem');
// assume the private key passphase was removed.
stream_coNtext_set_option($ctx, 'ssl', 'passphrase', $pass);
// connect to apns
$fp = stream_socket_client('ssl://gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com:2195', $err, $errstr, 60, STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT, $ctx);
if (!$fp) {
print "Failed to connect $err $errstr\n";
return;
}
else {
print "Connection OK\n<br/>";
}
// send message
$payload = json_encode($body);
$msg = chr(0) . pack("n",32) . pack('H*', str_replace(' ', '', $deviceToken)) . pack("n",strlen($payload)) . $payload;
print "Sending message :" . $payload . "\n";
fwrite($fp, $msg);
fclose($fp);
?>
請 求一次 HTTP://127.0.0.1/apns/apns.php?message=A%20test%20message%20from%20localhost&badge=2&sound=received5.caf就 會向APNS進行一次推送。我的請求結果如下：
Connection OK
Sending message :{"aps":{"alert":"A test message from localhost","badge":2,"sound":"received5.caf"}}
參考文章
HTTP://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_46e3e7db0100roqt.html
HTTP://www.cocoachina.com/iphonedev/sdk/2010/0610/1668.html
（圖片來源－－apple 開發文檔）
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